The Story of the Twelve Animals of the Korean Zodiac

Rooster

The Rooster (酉) is the tenth animal of the twelve zodiac animals. The Year of the Rooster repeats in the cycle of "Water Rooster (癸酉)," "Wood Rooster (乙酉)," "Fire Rooster (丁酉)," "Earth Rooster (己酉)," and "Metal Rooster (辛酉)." Rooster Month corresponds to August of the lunar calendar. The Rooster guards the hours from 5 o'clock to 7 o'clock in the afternoon and the direction due west.

십이지신도 중 닭(酉)

The Rooster that heralds daybreak in darkness has long been regarded as an auspicious bird with mythical power. Metaphorically, the long crow of the Rooster at the break of dawn was a prelude symbolizing the start of a new generation. Traditional religions that had believed in the supernatural power of the Rooster were based on the bird's role in nature. Upon hearing the crowing sound of the Rooster, goblins and spirits that had roamed in darkness would vanish. The popular belief was that the Rooster embodies five virtues: politeness (文) because of its comb; military bravery (武) because of its spurs; courage (勇) because it is a as an auspicious bird with mythical power. Metaphorically, the long crow of the Rooster at the break of dawn was a prelude symbolizing the start of a new generation. Traditional religions that had believed in the supernatural power of the Rooster were based on the bird's role in nature. Upon hearing the crowing sound of the Rooster, goblins and spirits that had roamed in darkness would vanish. The popular belief was that the Rooster embodies five virtues: politeness (文) because of its comb; military bravery (武) because of its spurs; courage (勇) because it is a fearless fighter; benevolence (仁) because it shares its grains; and reliability (信) because it crows at the break of dawn with unchanging regularity.

닭

The Rooster premonishes the arrival of light, a new day. It is the Bird of the Sun. With prophetic power, the Rooster crows to herald the time of the morning. Koreans believed that, when the rooster pecks three times, shakes off its tail, and crows long and loud announcing daybreak, beasts would return to the mountains and evil spirits hide away. According to "The Book of Changes (周易)," the ancient Chinese divination text, the Rooster corresponds to "Ground (巽)" in the eight trigrams (八卦). The Ground's direction points southeast, where daybreak (黎明) starts. Thus, the Rooster was believed to be an auspicious bird or a mythical creature announcing the arrival of light, a new day. The Rooster's existential duality, a bird with large wings but bound to earth, also symbolically connotes its being on the boundary of light and darkness.

민화속의 닭

In shamanistic legends or founding myths, the Rooster's crow in the morning was regarded as the sound of a new beginning or the birth of the founding father (國父). The opening chapter of "Cheongjihwang Bonpuri," the shamanistic legend on Jeju Island, writes, "The Heavenly Sovereign (天皇) Rooster lifts its neck, the Earthly Sovereign (地皇) Rooster flutters its wings, and the Human Sovereign (人皇) crows aloud, the eastern direction (甲乙東方) sees daybreak." In other words, with the Rooster's crows, the creation of the world begins. In the myth of Gim Al-ji, the king's Great Minister Hogong was passing by the capital Wolseong when he found a golden chest in the tree. Under the tree was a white rooster crowing. Because a boy was found inside the golden chest, he was given the last name "Gim," literally meaning "gold." The sound of a white rooster heralding the birth of a new ruler also symbolized light. In ancient society, the Rooster was a mythical existence that foretold the start of national systems. This was the time when clocks were nonexistent. Especially at night or on cloudy days, people could tell the time from the rooster's cries. In times of ancestral rites, based on the rooster's cry, they built a tomb and performed a rite. Since the rooster crowed with unfailing regularity, people could know the passing of the time, whether it was night or morning. The crowing sound of the rooster announcing daybreak could be found in the Korean classical novel "Simcheongjeon."
"O, Rooster, Rooster! Do not cry. If you cry, a day breaks, and if a day breaks, I will die. I do not fear death but how could I possibly leave my father behind!"
This is the part where Simcheong laments upon hearing the rooster cry at dawn on the day she would be sold to the oarsman. Here, the sound of the rooster signaled daybreak.